# CJC-1295 Research References — Complete Primary Literature Index

> Full citation index for CJC-1295 Medicinal: all primary sources including Phase 1 clinical trials, mechanistic reviews, anti-doping analytical studies, and population observations. DOIs and PubMed links included.

A complete index of the primary literature cited across this site, organized with DOIs and direct PubMed or PMC links. Outbound links connect to PubMed, PMC, and peer-reviewed journal sites — the primary sources on which all content is grounded.

## Primary Sources Index

The following references are cited in the order they are first referenced across the site. All citations are to peer-reviewed primary literature, systematic reviews, or regulatory documents. Each entry includes the full author list, journal, year, DOI, and a direct URL to the indexed record.

**[1]** Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. *Endocrinology*. 2005. DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1286. PMID: 15817669. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/)

**[2]** Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab*. 2006;91(3):799-805. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536. PMID: 16352683. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/)

**[3]** Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab*. 2006. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1702. PMID: 17018654. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/)

**[4]** Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. *Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab*. 2006. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00201.2006. PMID: 16822960. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/)

**[5]** Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. *Growth Horm IGF Res*. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001. PMID: 19386527. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/)

**[6]** Hinkle RT, et al. Chemical modification of Class II G-protein coupled receptor ligands: Frontiers in the development of peptide analogs as neuroendocrine pharmacological therapies. *Pharmacol Ther*. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.006. PMC2815023. [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2815023/)

**[7]** Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. *Drug Test Anal*. 2010. DOI: 10.1002/dta.233. PMID: 21204297. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204297/)

**[8]** Timms M, Ganio K, Forbes G, Bailey S, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. *Drug Test Anal*. 2019. DOI: 10.1002/dta.2554. PMID: 30489688. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30489688/)

**[9]** Knoop A, Thomas A, Fichant E, Delahaut P, Schanzer W, Thevis M. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS. *Anal Bioanal Chem*. 2016;408(12):3145-53. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9377-3. PMID: 26879649. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26879649/)

**[10]** Memdouh S, Gavrilovic I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. *Drug Test Anal*. 2021. DOI: 10.1002/dta.3183. PMID: 34665524. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665524/)

**[11]** Coppieters G, Deventer K, Polet M, Van Eenoo P, Judak P. An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormones in urine at low pg/mL concentrations using nanoLC-HRMS/MS. *J Pharm Biomed Anal*. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114726. PMID: 35298973. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35298973/)

**[12]** Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of Female Use of the Synthetic Growth Hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and Potions. *Subst Use Misuse*. 2016. DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1082595. PMID: 26771670. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26771670/)

**[13]** Halmos G, Szabo Z, Dobos N, Juhasz E, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and its signaling. *Rev Endocr Metab Disord*. 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09952-x. PMID: 39934495. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934495/)

**[14]** Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab*. 2011. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1587. PMID: 20943777. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20943777/)

**[15]** Malavige S, et al. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. *Front Aging*. 2026. DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247. PMC13095733. [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13095733/)

**[16]** Aversa LS, Cuboni D, Grottoli S, Ghigo E, Gasco V. A 2024 Update on Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome in Adults: From Guidelines to Real Life. *J Clin Med*. 2024. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13206079. PMID: 39458028. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39458028/)

**[17]** Ucakturk E, Nemutlu E. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry. *J Pharm Biomed Anal*. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117207. PMID: 41138283. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41138283/)

**[18]** Tausendfreund O, Bidlingmaier M, Martini S, Reif H, Rippl M, Schilbach K, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. The somatotroph pituitary gland function in high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency. *Pituitary*. 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01406-y. PMID: 38819617. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38819617/)

## References

[1] Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/
[2] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[3] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/
[4] Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/
[5] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/
[6] Hinkle RT, et al. Chemical modification of Class II G-protein coupled receptor ligands: Frontiers in the development of peptide analogs as neuroendocrine pharmacological therapies. Pharmacol Ther. 2009. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2815023/
[7] Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204297/
[8] Timms M, Ganio K, Forbes G, Bailey S, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug Test Anal. 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30489688/
[9] Knoop A, Thomas A, Fichant E, Delahaut P, Schanzer W, Thevis M. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(12):3145-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26879649/
[10] Memdouh S, Gavrilovic I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665524/
[11] Coppieters G, Deventer K, Polet M, Van Eenoo P, Judak P. An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormones in urine at low pg/mL concentrations using nanoLC-HRMS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35298973/
[12] Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of Female Use of the Synthetic Growth Hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and Potions. Subst Use Misuse. 2016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26771670/
[13] Halmos G, Szabo Z, Dobos N, Juhasz E, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and its signaling. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934495/
[14] Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20943777/
[15] Malavige S, et al. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13095733/
[16] Aversa LS, Cuboni D, Grottoli S, Ghigo E, Gasco V. A 2024 Update on Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome in Adults: From Guidelines to Real Life. J Clin Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39458028/
[17] Ucakturk E, Nemutlu E. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41138283/
[18] Tausendfreund O, Bidlingmaier M, Martini S, Reif H, Rippl M, Schilbach K, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. The somatotroph pituitary gland function in high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency. Pituitary. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38819617/
[19] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[20] ConjuChem Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2006. NCT00267527. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00267527
[21] Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15110491/
[22] GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. PMID: 11932310. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11932310/
[23] Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. PMID: 41966639. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[24] World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List — Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. WADA International Standard. 2025. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list
[25] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting — briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues (CJC-1295). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024. https://www.fda.gov/media/183819/download

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An independent scholarly digest of the peer-reviewed CJC-1295 literature — not a clinic, not a vendor, not medical advice.