CJC-1295 Medicinal

§ 04 · PRIMARY LITERATURE

REFERENCES

A complete index of the primary literature cited across this site, organized with DOIs and direct PubMed or PMC links. Outbound links connect to PubMed, PMC, and peer-reviewed journal sites — the primary sources on which all content is grounded.

Primary Sources Index

The following references are cited in the order they are first referenced across the site. All citations are to peer-reviewed primary literature, systematic reviews, or regulatory documents. Each entry includes the full author list, journal, year, DOI, and a direct URL to the indexed record.

[1] Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005. DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1286. PMID: 15817669. PubMed

[2] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536. PMID: 16352683. PubMed

[3] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1702. PMID: 17018654. PubMed

[4] Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00201.2006. PMID: 16822960. PubMed

[5] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001. PMID: 19386527. PubMed

[6] Hinkle RT, et al. Chemical modification of Class II G-protein coupled receptor ligands: Frontiers in the development of peptide analogs as neuroendocrine pharmacological therapies. Pharmacol Ther. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.006. PMC2815023. PMC

[7] Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010. DOI: 10.1002/dta.233. PMID: 21204297. PubMed

[8] Timms M, Ganio K, Forbes G, Bailey S, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug Test Anal. 2019. DOI: 10.1002/dta.2554. PMID: 30489688. PubMed

[9] Knoop A, Thomas A, Fichant E, Delahaut P, Schanzer W, Thevis M. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(12):3145-53. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9377-3. PMID: 26879649. PubMed

[10] Memdouh S, Gavrilovic I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. DOI: 10.1002/dta.3183. PMID: 34665524. PubMed

[11] Coppieters G, Deventer K, Polet M, Van Eenoo P, Judak P. An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormones in urine at low pg/mL concentrations using nanoLC-HRMS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114726. PMID: 35298973. PubMed

[12] Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of Female Use of the Synthetic Growth Hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and Potions. Subst Use Misuse. 2016. DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1082595. PMID: 26771670. PubMed

[13] Halmos G, Szabo Z, Dobos N, Juhasz E, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and its signaling. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09952-x. PMID: 39934495. PubMed

[14] Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1587. PMID: 20943777. PubMed

[15] Malavige S, et al. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247. PMC13095733. PMC

[16] Aversa LS, Cuboni D, Grottoli S, Ghigo E, Gasco V. A 2024 Update on Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome in Adults: From Guidelines to Real Life. J Clin Med. 2024. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13206079. PMID: 39458028. PubMed

[17] Ucakturk E, Nemutlu E. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117207. PMID: 41138283. PubMed

[18] Tausendfreund O, Bidlingmaier M, Martini S, Reif H, Rippl M, Schilbach K, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. The somatotroph pituitary gland function in high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency. Pituitary. 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01406-y. PMID: 38819617. PubMed

  1. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005. ↗
  2. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006. ↗
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009. ↗
  6. Hinkle RT, et al. Chemical modification of Class II G-protein coupled receptor ligands: Frontiers in the development of peptide analogs as neuroendocrine pharmacological therapies. Pharmacol Ther. 2009. ↗
  7. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010. ↗
  8. Timms M, Ganio K, Forbes G, Bailey S, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug Test Anal. 2019. ↗
  9. Knoop A, Thomas A, Fichant E, Delahaut P, Schanzer W, Thevis M. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(12):3145-53. ↗
  10. Memdouh S, Gavrilovic I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
  11. Coppieters G, Deventer K, Polet M, Van Eenoo P, Judak P. An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormones in urine at low pg/mL concentrations using nanoLC-HRMS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022. ↗
  12. Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of Female Use of the Synthetic Growth Hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and Potions. Subst Use Misuse. 2016. ↗
  13. Halmos G, Szabo Z, Dobos N, Juhasz E, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and its signaling. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. ↗
  14. Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. ↗
  15. Malavige S, et al. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. ↗
  16. Aversa LS, Cuboni D, Grottoli S, Ghigo E, Gasco V. A 2024 Update on Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome in Adults: From Guidelines to Real Life. J Clin Med. 2024. ↗
  17. Ucakturk E, Nemutlu E. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025. ↗
  18. Tausendfreund O, Bidlingmaier M, Martini S, Reif H, Rippl M, Schilbach K, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. The somatotroph pituitary gland function in high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency. Pituitary. 2024. ↗
  19. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
  20. ConjuChem Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2006. NCT00267527. ↗
  21. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  22. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. PMID: 11932310. ↗
  23. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. PMID: 41966639. ↗
  24. World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List — Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. WADA International Standard. 2025. ↗
  25. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting — briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues (CJC-1295). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024. ↗